The Role and Status of Third Parties in the Arbitration Process: A Comparative Study of the Iranian Legal System and International Rules (UNCITRAL and the International Chamber of Commerce)
Keywords:
International Arbitration, Third Party, Iranian Legal System, UNCITRAL Rules, International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)Abstract
This study examines the role and status of third parties in the arbitration process and seeks to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the Iranian legal system in comparison with international regulations, such as the UNCITRAL Rules and the Rules of the International Chamber of Commerce. The primary objective of this research is to achieve a clearer understanding of the mechanisms for the entry, joinder, and objection of third parties during arbitration proceedings and to propose solutions for maintaining a balance between the rights of the disputing parties and those of third parties. Using a comparative method, this study analyzes legal instruments, judicial practices, and legal doctrines. The findings indicate that, within international systems, the intervention of third parties is recognized based on principles such as representation, the doctrine of estoppel, and legal interest. In contrast, the Iranian legal system faces challenges due to the absence of clear legislation and a consistent procedural framework in this area. Furthermore, international regulations, such as the Rules of the International Chamber of Commerce and the UNCITRAL Model Law, provide mechanisms to facilitate the participation of third parties in arbitration in a manner consistent with the principles of confidentiality and party autonomy. The results of this study demonstrate that, in order to enhance the efficiency of arbitration and ensure justice, the Iranian legal system requires the development of clearer and more harmonized regulations aligned with international standards. Drawing upon the successful experiences of international organizations can constitute an effective step in this direction.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Peyman Tofighi Boroujeni (Author); Maryam Ghorbanifar; Ali Radan Jebeli, Hossein Kaviar (Author)
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