بررسی نقش ساختار حکومت در پیشگیری غیرکیفری از جرائم علیه بشریت

حسین نادری; اکبر رجبی; سمیرا گلخندان

Authors

Hossein Naderi Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Khom.C., Islamic Azad University, Khomein, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6206-1309
Akbar Rajabi Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Khom.C., Islamic Azad University, Khomein, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9439-7613
Samira Golkhandan Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Khom.C., Islamic Azad University, Khomein, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3926-7971

Keywords:

Crimes against Humanity, Government Structure, Non, Penal Prevention, Social Prevention, Situational Prevention, Rule of Law, Civil Society

Abstract

Crimes against humanity are among the gravest forms of organized violations of fundamental human rights and are generally committed as part of widespread or systematic attacks against civilian populations. Their structural nature means that they cannot be adequately examined solely through the individual conduct of perpetrators, because in many cases the concentration of political power, weak institutional oversight, judicial dependence, media control, suppression of civil society, and lack of accountability create favorable conditions for the commission and continuation of such crimes. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this study examines the role of government structure in the non-penal prevention of crimes against humanity through two main dimensions: social prevention and situational prevention. The findings indicate that, in the field of social prevention, strengthening independent civil society, guaranteeing media freedom, developing informed public opinion, expanding human rights education, promoting tolerance, and reducing structural discrimination can increase social resilience against hate speech, dehumanization, and organized violence. In the field of situational prevention, the effective distribution of power, separation of powers, judicial independence, the rule of law, oversight of military and security institutions, governmental transparency, and mechanisms of accountability are among the most important measures for reducing opportunities for abuse of public authority. Transitional justice and guarantees of non-repetition can also contribute to prevention by reforming institutions, laws, and administrative structures that previously enabled systematic violence. Overall, the study concludes that effective prevention of crimes against humanity requires an integrated approach in which social and situational prevention operate simultaneously within a system of accountable governance, institutional checks and balances, judicial independence, civic participation, and legal control over the exercise of political power.

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